International Shipping of Mining Process Skids
Skid Assessment
Dimensions, Weight, and Centre of Gravity
Accurate determination of your skid's dimensions (length, width, height), weight, and centre of gravity is paramount. Detailed drawings and specifications are essential for safe and efficient handling. Employ appropriate measuring tools and techniques to ensure accuracy. Consider utilising a certified weighbridge for precise weight measurement. The centre of gravity is crucial for safe loading and securing; an incorrect assessment can lead to instability and potential damage during transit. For complex skids, engage professional surveying services for precise centre of gravity determination.
Shipping Method Selection
Out of Gauge (OOG) Container
Container Types and Limitations
Several Out of Gauge (OOG) containers are available to accommodate oversized or heavy cargo. Selection depends on your skid's dimensions and weight. Critical factors include door openings, internal height, and maximum weight capacity.
Crating Requirements
Crating provides supplementary protection, particularly for smaller, more fragile skids. The choice of material (wood, steel, or composite) depends on the skid's characteristics and the environmental conditions anticipated during transit. Ensure the crate is sufficiently robust to withstand the rigours of shipping, including stacking and potential impacts. Proper bracing and dunnage are vital to prevent movement within the crate.
Breakbulk
Vessel Types
Breakbulk shipping utilises open deck space on vessels such as Roll-on/Roll-off (RORO) ships or heavy-lift vessels. Vessel selection depends on the skid's size and weight, and the availability of suitable ports. RORO vessels are suitable for self-propelled or easily wheeled skids, while heavy-lift vessels are necessary for extremely large or heavy skids requiring crane loading.
Cargo Securing
Secure the skid using appropriate lashing materials (chains, straps, wire ropes) and techniques. Engage a rigging specialist for advice on proper securing methods to ensure the skid remains stable throughout the voyage. Adherence to international safety standards is essential. Comprehensive documentation detailing the securing method is vital for insurance purposes.
Vessel and Route Selection
Select vessels capable of handling your skid's dimensions and weight. Consider transit time, port capabilities (including handling of OOG cargo), and potential weather conditions along the chosen route. Factor in potential delays and their impact on your project timeline. Thoroughly research port infrastructure to ensure it can accommodate your skid's size and weight.
Permits and Documentation
Required Documentation
Obtain all necessary export and import licenses, customs documentation (commercial invoice, packing list), and permits for oversized cargo. For hazardous materials, obtain International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG) documentation. Phytosanitary certificates may be required depending on the skid's components and destination country. Ensure all documentation is accurate and complete to avoid delays.
Packaging and Crating
Crating Materials and Techniques
Properly crate or protect the skid using suitable materials (wood, steel, etc.). Employ dunnage and bracing for added protection and stability. Consider environmental factors such as humidity and temperature. The crate must be strong enough to withstand the stresses of handling and transport. Clear labelling is crucial, indicating the skid's contents, weight, and centre of gravity.
Cargo Securing
Lashing Techniques and Materials
Use appropriate lashing materials and techniques to secure the skid to the container or vessel's deck. Consult a rigging specialist for Breakbulk shipments. Provide diagrams illustrating proper lashing techniques. Specify lashing material strengths and requirements to ensure compliance with safety regulations.
Heavy Lift Operations
Equipment and Process
Arrange for heavy-lift equipment (cranes, specialised trailers) at both origin and destination ports if required for Breakbulk shipments. Detail the process, including timelines and coordination with port authorities. Ensure the equipment's capacity meets your skid's weight and dimensions. Plan for potential delays and implement contingency plans.
Insurance
Types of Cargo Insurance
Obtain adequate cargo insurance to cover potential damage or loss during transit. Consider different types of cargo insurance (e.g., All Risks, Institute Cargo Clauses) and their coverage. Select a policy that adequately protects your investment. Ensure the policy covers potential risks specific to OOG or Breakbulk shipments.
Port Handling
Stevedores and Terminal Operators
Coordinate with stevedores and terminal operators at both origin and destination ports to ensure smooth handling of the OOG/breakbulk cargo. Address potential challenges and mitigation strategies. Early communication is key to avoiding delays and potential damage. Confirm their experience in handling similar cargo.
Tracking and Monitoring
Tracking Methods
Track the shipment using GPS tracking and online portals. Specify the frequency of monitoring and reporting. Real-time tracking allows for proactive issue resolution. Regular updates keep you informed of the shipment's progress.
Delivery and Unloading
Coordinate the unloading and delivery of the skid at the destination. Heavy-lift equipment may be required. Plan for the final delivery leg, including transport to the final destination. Ensure appropriate personnel and equipment are available for unloading.
Important Considerations
Weight distribution within the skid is crucial for stability. Incorrect weight distribution can shift the centre of gravity, increasing the risk of tipping or damage. Consider environmental factors such as extreme temperatures and humidity, which can affect the skid's integrity and the effectiveness of packaging materials. Always comply with all relevant regulations and safety standards for both domestic and international shipping. Meticulous planning and attention to detail are essential for a successful shipment.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is an OOG container?
An OOG (Out of Gauge) container is a specialised shipping container designed to accommodate cargo that exceeds the standard dimensions of regular containers. These containers often have open tops, open sides, or flat racks to facilitate the loading and transport of oversized items.
Why is crating important for shipping skids?
Crating provides essential protection for skids during shipping, safeguarding them from potential damage caused by handling, stacking, and environmental factors. A well-constructed crate absorbs impacts, prevents movement, and shields the skid from moisture and temperature fluctuations.
What is breakbulk shipping?
Breakbulk shipping involves transporting cargo that is too large or heavy to fit inside standard shipping containers. This method typically uses open deck space on specialised vessels, such as RORO ships or heavy-lift vessels, and requires careful securing and handling procedures.
What documentation is required for international shipping?
The required documentation for international shipping includes export and import licenses, customs documentation (commercial invoice, packing list), permits for oversized cargo, and, if applicable, International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG) documents for hazardous materials and phytosanitary certificates for certain components.
How is cargo secured for breakbulk shipments?
Cargo is secured for breakbulk shipments using appropriate lashing materials, such as chains, straps, and wire ropes, along with specialised techniques. A rigging specialist should be consulted to ensure the skid remains stable throughout the voyage, adhering to international safety standards.
What is the role of stevedores and terminal operators in port handling?
Stevedores and terminal operators are responsible for the safe and efficient handling of cargo at both origin and destination ports. They coordinate the loading, unloading, and storage of goods, ensuring that all operations are carried out in compliance with safety regulations and industry best practices.
Why is cargo insurance important?
Cargo insurance provides financial protection against potential damage or loss during transit. It covers a range of risks, including physical damage, theft, and loss due to unforeseen circumstances, ensuring that your investment is protected throughout the shipping process.
How can I track my shipment?
Shipments can be tracked using GPS tracking systems and online portals. These tools provide real-time updates on the location and status of your cargo, allowing for proactive issue resolution and keeping you informed of the shipment's progress.
