Shipping Offshore Wind Foundations: A Guide

Pre-shipment Planning

Assess Cargo Dimensions & Weight

• Precise measurements (length, width, height) and weight are crucial for vessel selection and safe securing.
• Utilise 3D modelling for complex shapes to ensure accurate calculations.
• Consider weight distribution for stability during transport.

Port Survey

• Identify suitable ports of loading and discharge considering water depth (draft), crane capacity, and proximity to the wind farm.
• Assess port infrastructure, including access roads, storage areas, and customs facilities.
• Evaluate potential congestion and delays at the chosen ports.

Vessel Selection

• Heavy-lift vessels are suitable for very large and heavy foundations. Different types include semi-submersibles, heavy-lift jack-up barges, and specialised heavy-lift ships.
• Semi-submersible vessels offer stability in rough seas and are suitable for deepwater operations.
• Breakbulk vessels are suitable for smaller foundations or when combined with other cargo.

Route Planning

• Optimise the route considering weather patterns, sea conditions, and potential delays.
• Account for canal transit restrictions (e.g., Panama Canal, Suez Canal) if applicable.
• Develop contingency plans for adverse weather conditions.

Foundation Type Selection

• Monopiles: Require heavy-lift vessels and careful consideration of weight distribution due to their cylindrical shape and significant weight.
• Jackets: Often require specialized heavy-lift vessels due to their complex structure and large size. Securing is crucial due to their open framework.
• Floating Foundations: Pose unique challenges, often requiring specialized vessels capable of handling the complex mooring systems and potentially requiring tugboat assistance.

Permits and Licenses

• Obtain all necessary export and import permits from relevant authorities.
• Secure any required maritime licenses for the vessel and crew.
• Comply with all relevant safety and environmental regulations.

Documentation

• Prepare all necessary documentation, including permits, certificates of origin, cargo manifests, and insurance certificates.
• Ensure compliance with all UK and international regulations, including those related to maritime safety and environmental protection.

Cargo Handling & Securing

Loading

• Utilise specialised heavy-lift equipment (cranes, rollers, etc.) for safe and efficient loading.
• Employ experienced crane operators and riggers.
• Monitor loading procedures to ensure stability and prevent damage.

Securing

• Employ robust lashing and securing techniques using high-strength straps, chains, and wedges.
• Use appropriate dunnage (wood, steel, etc.) and blocking to distribute weight and prevent shifting.
• Consult with experienced riggers and lashing specialists to ensure securement meets industry standards.

Inspection

• Thoroughly inspect the secured cargo before departure to ensure stability and safety.
• Document the inspection process with photos and reports.

Transportation & Monitoring

Voyage Monitoring

• Track the vessel's progress using GPS tracking systems.
• Monitor weather conditions and adjust the route if necessary.
• Maintain regular communication with the vessel's crew.

Communication

• Maintain constant communication with the vessel's crew, port authorities, and other stakeholders.
• Utilise various communication channels (satellite phone, email, etc.).
• Establish clear communication protocols for emergencies.

Discharge & Delivery

Offloading

• Use appropriate heavy-lift equipment at the discharge port for safe and efficient offloading.
• Coordinate with port authorities and other stakeholders.
• Ensure the offloading process is carefully monitored to prevent damage.

Delivery

• Coordinate delivery to the final destination, considering transport requirements from the port.
• Utilise appropriate transport methods (trucks, barges, etc.).

Insurance & Risk Management

Cargo Insurance

• Secure comprehensive cargo insurance covering potential damage, loss, or delay.
• Consider additional coverage for specific risks, such as marine hazards or theft.

Risk Assessment

• Conduct a thorough risk assessment to identify and mitigate potential hazards throughout the shipping process.
• Develop contingency plans for various scenarios.
• Regularly review and update the risk assessment.

Environmental Considerations

• Minimize fuel consumption through optimized routing and vessel selection.
• Comply with ballast water management regulations to prevent the spread of invasive species.
• Adhere to regulations on waste disposal and oil spill prevention.
• Consider using alternative fuels or technologies to reduce the carbon footprint of the shipment.
• Monitor and report greenhouse gas emissions.

Specific Considerations for UK Shipments

Port Congestion

• Account for potential port congestion, especially at major UK ports.

Brexit Regulations

• Ensure compliance with all post-Brexit regulations for importing/exporting.

Environmental Regulations

• Adhere to all environmental regulations concerning marine transport and waste disposal.
• Ensure compliance with ballast water management regulations.
• Minimise the environmental impact of the shipping process.

Shipping International offers expertise in offshore wind foundation shipping.